Who pays the AJD on the mortgage?
Since 2018 the bank, not the buyer (Real Decreto-ley 17/2018). You pay AJD only on a new build, on the purchase deed. Financing a new build in stages.
Which items make up the cost of buying property in Spain, and why must equity cover them? The cost of buying property in Spain comes to roughly 10 to 13 % on top of the purchase price.
The largest item is transfer tax: in Spain the ITP on resale properties, whose rate varies by autonomous region, and on new builds the IVA plus AJD instead.
Add notary and land registry, legal fees, and — if you finance — the cost of the tasación (valuation) and bank charges. Crucial for your calculation: banks finance the purchase price, not the incidental costs.
You must cover those from equity, on top of your share of the price, because only the lower of price and tasación is lent against.
Buyers who build the purchase costs into their financing from the start avoid the most common gap among foreign buyers just before the notary appointment: enough money for the property, too little for everything around the purchase.
When buying a resale property in Spain, the ITP (Impuesto de Transmisiones Patrimoniales) applies — and its rate depends on the autonomous community. This makes a considerable difference.